Institute Inbrief - 16/07/2014
Welcome to Edition 206 of Institute Inbrief! Grieving has as many forms as there are people grieving. It is guaranteed to be painful, hard work which sucks up a huge amount of emotional and physical energy. It is also highly individual. In this edition’s featured article we look into what our psyches are trying to help us do as we go through the process of grieving. We also explore why people grieve differently.
Also in this edition:
- Latest news and updates
- Articles and CPD information
- Social media review
- Upcoming seminar dates
Enjoy your reading!
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Cost of living pressures and lifestyle choices are evolving the way we learn and Australian Institute of Psychology (AIP) is paving the way through flexible, innovative learning models:
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And Assisting People Every Day Lead Better Lives
It’s rare these days to hear people talk about their work with true passion. You hear so many stories of people working to pay the bills; putting up with imperfect situations; and compromising on their true desires.
That’s why it’s always so refreshing to hear regular stories from graduates living their dream to be a Counsellor. They’re always so full of energy, enthusiasm and passion. There’s no doubt that counselling is one of the most personally rewarding and enriching professions.
Just imagine someone comes to you for assistance. They’re emotionally paralysed by events in their life. They can’t even see a future for themselves. They can only focus on their pain and grief. The despair is so acute it pervades their entire life. Their relationship is breaking down and heading towards a divorce. They can’t focus on work and are getting in trouble with their boss. They feel they should be able to handle their problems alone, but know they can’t. It makes them feel helpless, worthless. Their self-esteem has never been lower. They’re caught in a cycle of destruction and pain.
Now imagine you have the knowledge and skills to help this person overcome their challenges. You assist to relieve their intense emotional pain. You give them hope for the future. You assist to rebuild their self-esteem and lead a satisfying, empowered life.
As a Counsellor you can experience these personal victories every day. And it’s truly enriching. There is nothing more fulfilling than helping another person overcome seemingly impossible obstacles.
New video: From Evidence-Based Medicine to Marketing-Based Medicine
Dr Peter Parry is an Australian child & adolescent psychiatrist who has researched the "Pediatric Bipolar Disorder" diagnosis emanating from the USA, a diagnosis completely at odds with his training and clinical experience in Australian child and adolescent mental health.
As part of his research into the PBD phenomenon, he noticed hundreds of internal pharmaceutical industry documents publicly released from court cases against pharmaceutical firms by State and Federal Attorney Generals in the USA. These documents concurred with findings of the US Senate "Grassley Commission" into conflicts of interest between the pharmaceutical industry and academic medicine.
In collaboration with A/Prof Glen Spielmans, psychologist from Minnesota, they researched over 400 internal pharmaceutical documents regarding psychotropic medications. They published an article in 2010 in the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry titled "From Evidence-Based Medicine to Marketing-Based Medicine: Evidence from Internal Industry Documents"[1]. These documents reveal efforts at "disease-mongering" to expand markets e.g. by increasing the number of people diagnosed with "bipolar disorder"; marketing strategies to influence "customers" i.e. physicians, other health professionals and government regulators; and manipulation of the published medical literature to maximise positive findings and minimise or hide negative findings re manufacturers' medications.
The past few years have witnessed a global awakening in the health professions, lay public and government also - to the fact we do not have evidence-based or science-based medicine, but rather a commercially distorted marketing-based medicine environment. Former chief-editor of the British Medical Journal, Prof Richard Smith, summed this up in his 2005 article in PLoS Medicine titled "Medical Journals Have Become an Extension of the Marketing Arm of Pharmaceutical Companies"[2].
The medical profession and journals have ethical duties towards scientific truth and the welfare of patients before all else. Big Pharma as capitalistic corporations have a commitment to their bottom line. There is now a solution to this situation - the AllTrials campaign - to bring all research data (anonymised of patients' names) into view for independent analysis. AllTrials has the full backing of the British medical establishment - but needs international support if we are to have a future of Science-Based Medicine to supply the most beneficial and least harmful treatments and most accurate medical knowledge for us all.
The Healing Power of Mindfulness
When we think of mindfulness or meditation, the words conjure images of a quiet, private time of tranquility and peace. When we think of hospitals and doctors’ offices, we think of the anxiety, pain, and chaos we might experience there, and presume that mindfulness doesn’t have a place in health care. Some leading health care professionals want to change that.
Because they’ve seen the evidence that mindfulness is profoundly healing, they’re taking it right into the middle of the American health care system, from prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, through cure, palliative care, and even health administration and medical training. With the help of Susan G. Komen for the Cure, the world’s largest grassroots network of breast cancer survivors and activists and sponsor of the Lynn Lectures on integrative medicine, we brought together three of the world’s leading specialists on the healing power of mindfulness and the benefits of integrative medicine for a discussion of the present and future of mind–body medicine.
Brain responses to emotional images PTSD
The area of the brain that plays a primary role in emotional learning and the acquisition of fear -- the amygdala -- may hold the key to who is most vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder. Researchers at the University of Washington, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Boston University collaborated on a unique opportunity to study whether patterns of brain activity predict teenagers' response to a terrorist attack.
The team had already performed brain scans on Boston-area adolescents for a study on childhood trauma. Then in April 2013 two bombs went off at the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring hundreds more. Even people who were nowhere near the bombing reported distress about the attack and the days-long manhunt for the suspects.
Grief and the Four Tasks of Mourning
Grief is the universal, instinctual and adaptive reaction to loss, and particularly, the loss of a loved one (Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2012). It is a natural response and can be anything from missing out on a scholarship to the loss of limbs through an accident to loss of a car or other possessions through theft. Surely the most painful loss is that of someone we love through death.
Loss is an emotional wound, and like physical wounds, requires time to heal: not just a few days or weeks, but months rolling into years. The process of grieving, or mourning, allows people to come to terms with their loss. This does not mean that the person who died is forgotten, but that those left behind come to accept that the person is no longer around.
Grieving has as many forms as there are people grieving. It is guaranteed to be painful, hard work which sucks up a huge amount of emotional and physical energy. It is also highly individual. Let’s look into what our psyches are trying to help us do as we go through the process of grieving: the tasks of mourning.
The four mourning tasks
Although everyone grieves in their own way, some social scientists studying grief talk about the mourning tasks all must go through en route to a life no longer dominated by grief.
1. Accepting the reality of the loss. The bereaved need to deeply understand that the loss is real. The person won’t be coming back, and there is no point in setting a plate at the table for them when the family makes the dead person’s favourite dish for dinner. It wasn’t the deceased seen at the other end of the mall yesterday, and Mom and Dad don’t need to wait up for them to make sure that they have gotten home safely. An example of someone who has not worked through this stage yet can be seen in the movie, “The Hereafter”. One of the main characters, a young adolescent boy, loses his twin brother in a traffic accident. Simultaneously, the lad is fostered out for some months while his mother goes into rehabilitation. His foster parents cannot understand why he insists on having two twin beds in his bedroom. Funerals, memorial services, and other rituals can help people to work through this stage.
2. Working through the pain of grief. People who have lost someone need time to experience a welter of feelings and emotions. Trying to avoid or suppress feelings may make grieving harder in the long run, but even when people are open to feeling their emotions, not all of them will surface at once. During the funeral proceedings and aftermath, there tend to be many people around helping and supporting the bereaved person or family. Eventually these helpers must go home and resume their normal lives, and the “anaesthesia” of shock wears off. This may be many weeks or even months after the death, but when the feelings do present themselves, they are likely to be intense. If you are working with someone who is going through this stage, you can reassure the survivor that they are not crazy because this is happening, and it is unlikely that they were “uncaring” or “untouched” by the death if a lot of emotion was not present earlier. It’s just the way that mourning goes; the grief needs to be worked through, sometimes sooner and sometimes later.
3. Recovering: learning to live without the person. The husband who never learned to cook while his wife was alive, the sister that always depended on her more assertive, outgoing sibling to negotiate challenging interpersonal issues with others, the workmates that always counted on their now dead colleague’s efficient organising skills: all of these are typical situations in which those left behind must either learn new skills or take on new roles in order to thrive. It is not easy; it is often not pleasant, but being willing to re-engage with or take on new life tasks helps to ensure that survivors remember the deceased person for the most positive of reasons: their personal qualities, rather than some role that they fulfilled for the survivor. Working through this stage also ensures a continued movement towards wholeness in survivors.
4. Reinvesting the emotional energy of grief into life again. This final mourning task is about truly moving on. It is about survivors finding a new place in their emotional life for the person who died so that a future without their physical presence can be engaged (Hawton & Simkin, 2010; Information and Support Pack, 2010). Examples of this stage are the woman who takes up kayaking now that she has dried her tears from the loss of the partner with whom she used to play tennis, the parents who stop insisting that their dead son’s room be left exactly as it was the day he hanged himself, or the daughter who volunteers her newfound time at the Senior Citizens’ Centre now that she has moved on from the grief of losing her elderly mum. Generally, the feelings and activities associated with grieving can be divided into two main types of experience:
- Loss: the feelings and emotions generated by the bereavement and need to come to terms with the person’s death
- Restoration: what people do to rebuild their lives, such as going back to work, sorting out the dead person’s affairs, getting back into the social arena, and learning whatever new skills they need in order to cope with daily life
People doing their grief work often alternate between the two, and may have periods in the middle where their grieving is on hold. The balance between the focus on practical matters and emotional expression of grief may vary widely between individuals or even within a given individual at different times. There is no right or wrong way to grieve (Hawton & Simkin, 2010); each person’s journey through grief is unique.
Why we all grieve differently
As a counsellor or mental health practitioner, you may be wondering, “So what does the uniqueness of grief mean for how I work with different people?” You may well ask. Like snowflakes, no two grieving paths are exactly the same, and the precise support needed varies accordingly. Let’s look at some of the factors and circumstances which create very different experiences of grief.
Past experience. This category holds a multitude of influences. We can ask, “How has the bereaved person’s childhood impacted on the ability to deal with loss now? That is, what other losses were there: in childhood, in adolescence, in adulthood? Was the person held well in working through the grief of these (for instance, being supported emotionally and encouraged to express grief in a safe environment)? Has the person had the chance to integrate and heal from the losses? What other losses or changes can we identify in the person’s life prior to this current loss: for example, have there been financial or relational issues? Did the person experience trauma from health or workplace challenges? How functional has their family life been in the past? And what has been the mental health history of the bereaved person: have there ever been issues of depression, anxiety, or other mental health problems? Have they been treated with medications for these, or hospitalised? What ways of responding to life were characteristic in the bereaved person’s culture, and in his or her family (for example, did the parents express grief or did they feel the need to have a “stiff upper lip”)? What other conditioning influences from the past might be affecting the bereaved person’s experience now?
Relationship with the dead person. As individual as paths of grief are, so too are the special bonds that tie one person to another. How can any of us measure the unique connection that may exist between a bereaved person and the one for whom they grieve? Length of time of the relationship, type of role (such as parent/child, husband/wife, or friend/friend), degree of closeness, and strength of attachment (including balance of “love-hate” feelings) all enter into the equation of how long and how intensely the bereaved person will need to grieve for the departed one. Beyond that, there are issues of the informal roles that the deceased may have played in the bereaved person’s life. For example, was the one who took his or her life the primary earner in the family? Or perhaps the emotional “pillar” on whom the bereaved person always leaned? Maybe the dead person was the only significant friend, or the only one in a partnership who could drive, or handle difficult teenagers, or...? The possibilities are endless.
The reality is that when people leave our lives, we miss their particular personalities and “take” on life, but we may also greatly feel the loss of the roles that they took up within our relationship, the special tasks that they performed that we now must somehow replace. You can be particularly helpful by tuning into the nature of the relationship between deceased and bereaved, and helping the bereaved person come to terms with the roles that are now missing from his or her life.
Circumstances surrounding the death. How the deceased person’s death occurred and in general the circumstances surrounding the death are central to the bereaved person’s capacity to integrate the loss, coming to a place of acceptance of it. Was the person’s death in keeping with the natural order of things, such as when a leaf flutters to the ground in late autumn because it has finished its life cycle, or was the situation more like a leaf being ripped harshly off the branch in early spring? Death may be sad anytime, but a parent surviving a child feels tragic. We can have greater capacity to support a bereaved person if we also find out what sorts of warnings they may have had that the loss was imminent. Or did death come so suddenly that there was no advance notice, no chance to say goodbye, no opportunity to resolve “unfinished business” interpersonally? Does the bereaved person have a sense that the death could have been prevented or postponed?
Importantly, how much responsibility is the bereaved person taking for the death? Is there a sense that the deceased accomplished their life’s mission and that their life was rewarding and full? If there is anything unresolved between the deceased and the bereaved, how much guilt is being generated in the bereaved person as a result? Circumstances around the death can add an additional burden from complicated emotions such as guilt, resentment, and anger.
Influences in the present. Finally, understanding the bereaved person’s path from grief to restored wholeness depends on knowing what the interplay of factors in their present life is. How stable is the bereaved person’s mental health? How resilient is their personality, how developed their coping skills? Is the person young and hardy enough to bounce back from this death? Is he or she wise and mature enough to accept the loss and grow with the experience? Can life be rebuilt? Is the rebuilding going to be made more challenging because of secondary losses incurred through the death, such as that of the home or income? Did the death break up the family? How is the bereaved person’s health? What opportunities does the person see for themselves now (even though they would never have chosen to have the opportunity if it meant losing the loved one)?
Role expectations make a big difference to a grief response, too. What role expectations has the bereaved person set for themselves (such as, say, trying to be the “strong one” for the rest of the family)? What role expectations may be imposed from family, friends, or the culture in general? Will the bereaved person try to meet these or, feeling unable to meet them, simply withdraw in isolated despair? What factors in the person’s cultural, ethnic, and religious background might offer comfort, holding, and strength? Are there any religious or philosophical beliefs which engender guilt or add burden to the grieving? And how good are the social support networks of the bereaved person? (Tesik, n.d.).
Being aware of the way in which the above factors combine to create the intensity, duration, and tone of the grieving can help you to be sensitive to clients’ needs, guiding them to get just the right help for their needs at each stage of mourning.
© 2014 Mental Health Academy
This article was adapted from Mental Health Academy’s upcoming “Supporting the Suicide-Bereaved” CPD course. To learn more, visit www.mentalhealthacademy.com.au.
References:
Dialogues in clinical neuroscience. (2012) Suicide bereavement and complicated grief. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience. Retrieved on 31 March, 2014, from: hyperlink.
Hawton, K., & Simkin, S. (2010). Help is at hand: A resource for people bereaved by suicide and other sudden, traumatic death. National Health Service (UK): copyright: Crown. Retrieved on 28 March, 2012, from: hyperlink.
Information and support pack: for those bereaved by suicide or other sudden death (Queensland). (2010).Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved on 28 March, 2012 from: hyperlink. The ISBN number for this support pack is: 978-1-74241-106-4; the online ISBN number is: 978-1-74211-107-1.
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The Institute has a list of recommended textbooks and DVDs that can add great value to your learning journey - and the good news is that you can purchase them very easily. The AIPC bookstore will give you discounted prices, an easy ordering method and quality guarantee!
This fortnight's feature is...
Name: Current Psychotherapies, 9th Edition
Author: Raymond J. Corsini, Danny Wedding
AIPC Code: COROSINI
AIPC Price: $119.70 (RRP $142.95)
ISBN: 978-049-590-3369
Current Psychotherapies provides students of counselling psychology and social work with an authoritative treatment of the major systems of psychotherapy. One of the most widely used textbooks in its field for more than twenty years.
The Micro-skills of Non-verbal Language
The American National Science Foundation discovered that we form an impression of someone in just three seconds (personal communication, 1984). Social scientists also claim that at least 80 per cent of our communication takes place on the non-verbal level (Young, 2005), with only 7 percent of emotion being conveyed by verbal means. Of the rest, 38 per cent is conveyed by voice, and 55 per cent by facial expression (Mehrabian, 1972). Beyond that, researchers have come to appreciate non-verbal behaviours as important channels of communication, serving the functions of...
Case Study: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Marian, a psychologist who specialised in anxiety disorders, closed the file and put it into the filing cabinet with a smile on her face. This time she had the satisfaction of filing it into the “Work Completed” files, for she had just today celebrated the final session with a very long-term client: Darcy Dawson. They’d come through a lot together, Darcy and Marian, during the twelve years of Darcy’s treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and they had had a particularly strong therapeutic alliance. Marian reflected on the symptoms and history which had brought Darcy into her practice.
Mental Health Academy – First to Knowledge in Mental Health
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When you join our Premium Level membership, you’ll get all-inclusive access to over 50 hours of video workshops (presented by leading mental health experts) on-demand, 24/7.
You’ll also get access to over 100 specialist courses exploring a huge range of topics, including counselling interventions, communications skills, conflict, child development, mental health disorders, stress and trauma, relationships, ethics, reflective practice, plus much more.
You’ll also get FREE and EXCLUSIVE access to the Psychological First Aid course ($595.00 value). The PFA course a high quality 10-hour program developed by Mental Health Academy in partnership with the Australian Institute of Psychology and the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors, and framed around the internationally accepted principals of the NCTSN Field Operations Guide.
Benefits of becoming a premium member:
- FREE and exclusive PFA course ($595.00 value)
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Some upcoming programs:
- Supporting the Suicide Bereaved
- Suicide: Case Studies
- Counselling the Disabled: Introduction to the Issues
- Counselling the Disabled: A Look at What Works
- Recognising Spiritual Emergence
- Healing Spiritual Emergencies
- Spiritual Emergence: Case Studies
- Psychoeducation for Clients
Have you visited Counselling Connection yet? There are over 650 interesting posts including case studies, profiles, success stories, videos and much more. Make sure you too get connected (and thank you for those who have already submitted comments and suggestions).
Mindfulness practice: Problems and solutions
Although only recently embraced by Western psychology, mindfulness practices and techniques have been part of many Eastern philosophies, such as Buddhism, Taoism, Tai Chi, Hinduism, and most martial arts, for thousands of years. The various definitions of it revolve around bringing non-judgmental consciousness to the present experience, so it can be considered the art of conscious living.
But mindfulness – especially at the beginning of practice – can also present many challenges. So that you know that what you are experiencing is not “just you”, and so that you will have some responses ready when you are coaching or instructing clients in mindfulness practice, we pose several problems which occur initially and throughout a person’s practice and we propose solutions. We address these to you.
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"Faith is the courage to live your life as if everything that happens does so for your highest good and learning. Like it or not."
~ Dan Millman
Many students of the Diploma of Counselling attend seminars to complete the practical requirements of their course. Seminars provide an ideal opportunity to network with other students and liaise with qualified counselling professionals in conjunction with completing compulsory coursework.
Not sure if you need to attend Seminars? Click here for information on Practical Assessments.
Below are upcoming seminars available for the remainder of 2014.
BRISBANE (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 26-27/07, 27-28/09, 29-30/11
Communication Skills I: 23/08, 18/10, 14/12
Communication Skills II: 20/09, 15/11
Counselling Therapies I: 06-07/09, 29-30/11
Counselling Therapies II: 02-03/08, 08-09/11
Legal & Ethical Framework: 10/08, 02/11
Family Therapy: 14/09, 13/12
Case Management: 19-20/07, 22-23/11
GOLD COAST (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 18-19/07, 24-25/10, 05-06/12
Communication Skills I: 16/08, 15/11
Communication Skills II: 20/09, 12/12
Counselling Therapies I: 26-27/09
Counselling Therapies II: 21-22/11
Legal & Ethical Framework: 28/11
Family Therapy: 15/08
Case Management: 17-18/10
SUNSHINE COAST (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 27-28/09
Communication Skills I: 08/11
Communication Skills II: 09/11
Counselling Therapies I: 26-27/07, 25-26/10
Counselling Therapies II: 30-31/08
Legal & Ethical Framework: 09/08
Family Therapy: 11/10
Case Management: 22/11
MELBOURNE (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 30-31/08, 20-21/09, 25-26/10, 15-16/11, 06-07/12
Communication Skills I: 27/07, 06/09, 11/10, 22/11, 13/12
Communication Skills II: 01/08, 07/09, 12/10, 23/11, 14/12
Counselling Therapies I: 02-03/08, 13-14/09, 18-19/10, 29-30/11
Counselling Therapies II: 19-20/07, 09-10/08, 20-21/09, 25-26/10, 06-07/12
Legal & Ethical Framework: 16/08, 27/09, 01/11, 05/12
Family Therapy: 17/08, 28/09, 02/11, 12/12
Case Management: 19-20/07, 23-24/08, 04-05/10, 08-09/11
DARWIN (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 26/07, 18/10
Communication Skills I: 13/09, 06/12
Communication Skills II: 13/09, 06/12
Counselling Therapies I: 02/08, 13/12
Counselling Therapies II: 25/09
Legal & Ethical Framework: 29/11
Family Therapy: 27/09
Case Management: 15/11
ADELAIDE (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 09-10/08, 18-19/10, 13-14/12
Communication Skills I: 26/07, 06/09, 08/11
Communication Skills II: 27/07, 07/09, 09/11
Counselling Therapies I: 30-31/08, 22-23/11
Counselling Therapies II: 13-14/09, 06-07/12
Legal & Ethical Framework: 23/08, 15/11
Family Therapy: 24/08, 16/11
Case Management: 20-21/09, 29-30/11
SYDNEY (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 07-08/08, 29-30/08, 22-23/09, 09-10/10, 03-04/11, 27-28/11, 15-16/12
Communication Skills I: 21/07, 11/08, 29/09, 06/11, 18/12
Communication Skills II: 22/07, 12/08, 30/09, 07/11, 19/12
Counselling Therapies I: 22-23/08, 07-08/10, 11-12/12
Counselling Therapies II: 04-05/08, 24-25/09, 20-21/11
Legal & Ethical Framework: 28/07, 02/10, 03/12
Family Therapy: 31/07, 03/10, 04/12
Case Management: 01-02/08, 05-06/12
LAUNCESTON (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 19/09, 05/12
Communication Skills I: 15/08, 21/11
Communication Skills II: 15/08, 21/11
Counselling Therapies I: 31/10
Counselling Therapies II: 01/08, 28/11
Legal & Ethical Framework: 07/11
Family Therapy: 05/09
Case Management: 12/12
HOBART (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 27/07, 19/10
Communication Skills I: 14/09, 07/12
Communication Skills II: 14/09, 07/12
Counselling Therapies I: 03/08, 14/12
Counselling Therapies II: 26/10
Legal & Ethical Framework: 30/11
Family Therapy: 09/11
Case Management: 24/08
PERTH (9.00am – 5.00pm)
The Counselling Process: 02-03/08, 06-07/09, 04-05/10, 15-16/12
Communication Skills I: 13/09, 22/11
Communication Skills II: 14/09, 23/11
Counselling Therapies I: 09-10/08, 11-12/10, 06-07/12
Counselling Therapies II: 26-27/07, 18-19/10, 13-14/12
Legal & Ethical Framework: 16/08, 25/10
Family Therapy: 23/08, 01/11
Case Management: 30-31/08, 08-09/11
Important Note: Advertising of the dates above does not guarantee availability of places in the seminar. Please check availability with the respective Student Support Centre.
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